Когнітивна метафора в науковому тексті П. О Лавровського

The author analyzes the metaphors of comparative-historical linguistics based on the material of P. O. Lavrovsky's work A Survey of the Outstanding Features of the Little Russian Language in comparison to GreatRussian and Other Slavic Languages(1859).The article is based on the well-known theoretical grounding in cognitive linguistics, according to which the system of textual metaphors makes it possible to explore the conceptual metaphors in the mentality of a certain scholar. The study of cognitive metaphors used in scientific texts of the 19th century shows methodological and theoretical concepts of the contemporaneous discourse, links to the cognitive process of a scholar, while stressing indirectly his priorities. The article examines problems in the formation of methods of the comparative-historical linguistics in the mid-19th century, outlines the interrelation between linguistic and discourse models, and determines linguistic patterns characteristic of certain authors. Among the methodological models, one should name the model ‘cognition = progress' which reflects an idea about the cognitive processes as change and progress. The model ‘cognition = understanding' represents fragments of utterings which realize the semantics of cognition as a process of observation. The use of this model is to be viewed as an unconscious emphasis on the initial stage of cognition, that is, observation. This fact is reflected in the title of the aforementioned study, to wit, a ‘survey of features'. At the same time, the pro-active component is typical of linguistic phenomena proper which become obvious, and this is why the students can see and observe them. Some metaphorical models have an anthropomorphic character and have the model ‘something = a living organism'. This is a statement with the meaning ‘a country, people = a human being, a living organism'. Within the framework of this model the author finds a large subgroup with the meaning ‘language = a living organism'. The concept of language as a biological organism, dependent on the climate, food, living conditions, became common in the linguistic theory as a result of the contributions made by J. Grimm, F. Bopp, partly W. von Humboldt, and also by G. Curtius and especially A. Schleicher. The article looks into the verbalization of the model ‘language = plant', ‘language = a human being', which demonstrates such features typical of human beings as, for instance, ‘the o does not allow in no way a change'; ‘the change of i into ě meets support'), ‘the development of language = motion'(fragments of the statements with the sense dominants of transformation, change, exchange,rarely, oftransformation or conservation,forinstance, ‘the intent of the people to move from one speech organ to another', ‘the transition of o into i', ‘the explanation of a transition').