Immunohistochemical Study of Platcentary Lactogen and Placentary Alkaline Phosphatase in the Trophoblast of Chorionic Villi in Placental Calcnosis in Pregnant Women with Iron-deficiency Anemia

This study is based on the working hypothesis that specific proteins of pregnancy: placental lactogen, a hormone regulating the exchange of proteins and calcium, and placental alkaline phosphatase, regulating the processes of dephosphorylation and therefore the metabolism of calcium, play an important role in pathological processes of biomineralization, in particular, in the development of placental calcinosis. So far as calcinosis of the placenta is often registered with iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women, it is suggested that calcium and iron metabolism are closely interconnected, and this relationship increases during pregnancy. Is well-known that pregnant women have different levels of iron and calcium deficiency, and when this deficiency has clinical manifestations, it affects a wide range of metabolic disorders, including exchange of proteins. The purpose of the study is to evaluate quantitative parameters of immunohistochemical staining of placental lactogen and placental alkaline phosphatase in trophoblast of placenta with calcinosis in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in comparison with pregnancy observations without anemia and with physiological pregnancy, taking into account the peculiarities of vertical placental heteromorphism. Material and methods of research. 164 placentas with calcinosis were studied. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women was exhibited in 84 women, the rest of placental calcinosis were without anemia – 80 women. We also studied 30 placentas of physiological pregnancy. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the optical density of staining on placental lactogen and placental alkaline phosphatase. Results and discussion. The optical density of immunohistochemical staining on placental lactogen and placental alkaline phosphatase in trophoblast of placenta in calcinosis is on average lower than in physiological pregnancy. In all placentas, the vertical heteromorphism of the intensity of coloration on placental lactogen and placental alkaline phosphatase in the trophoblast was marked. This was manifested by increasign the intensity of the staining in the direction from the choroid plate (zone A) to the basal plate (zone C). Conclusion. Placenta calcinosis in iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women compared with non anemia is characterized by lower average values of the optical density of coloration on placental lactogen and placental alkaline phosphatase in trophoblast in zones under the basal plate (zone C) and the intermediate zone (zone B), unlike the zone under chorus plate (zone A).