Variability and Respiration Pattern of Patients with Persistent Asthma and Obesity

Obesity significantly increases the risk of different pathologies development. Prevalence of obesity and bronchial asthma increases at a parallel pace, and the presence of obesity increases the risk of bronchial asthma aggravation. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of the variability and pattern of breathing in patients with persistent asthma and obesity. Materials and methods. The complex polyfunctional method of cardiopulmonary system research – spiroarteriocardiorhythmography was used. We examined 86 women and men aged 41.0±0.8 and divided them into 4 groups. The main group consisted of 20 persons (8 men and 12 women) with clinically confirmed persistent asthma and obesity (BMI> 30 kg / m2). The first group of comparison (GC1) included 15 persons with a persistent course of asthma and BMI 25.1–29.9 kg/m2. The second (GC2) comparison group included 24 patients with a persistent flow of asthma and BMI up to 25.0 kg/m2. The control group (CG) included 10 persons, who had an intermittent course of asthma combined with obesity. Spectral analysis of respiration variability was conducted in three frequency ranges, after which the indicators of the pattern of respiration were analyzed. Spectral analysis of respiration variability was conducted in three frequency bands. According to ultrasonic spirometry, the parameters of the respiration pattern – respiration volume (RV, l), volume of inhalation and exhalation velocity were determined – RV / Tinh (l / s), and RV / Texh (l / sec), the ratio of the inhalation and exhalation phases of Tinh / Texh, and also the minute volume of breath – MRV, l. Results and discussion. Bronchial asthma patients had certain morphometric features, including those in chest, e.g. its girth was significantly bigger in MG patients. This proves formation of emphysema-like chest type. Body length and hips girth indexes were less significant. In MG patients, function of external respiration had a more pronounced manifestation of both restrictive and obstructive disorders. The differences in inspiration were significant and on exhalation their significance was more pronounced. FVC in GC1, GC2 and CG were bigger than VC. Indicators of FEV1 / FER on the inspiration in all groups corresponded to normative values. RV in patients with asthma's persistent flow and obesity decreased. the TPD, (l/min)2 was significantly lower. Conclusions. Obesity significantly affects the regulatory provision of uncontrolled respiration with inhibition of vegetative effects, metabolic disorders, and reorganization of the pattern of breathing with the emergence of obstructive and restrictive components.