Immunohistochemical Structural Features of the Wall of the Fallopian Tubes of the Fetus at Different Gestation Periods from Mothers with Physiological Pregnancy

A comprehensive immunohistochemical study using the direct Koons method and the peroxidase method allowed us to reveal the structural features of the wall of the fallopian tubes of fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy. Material and methods. The fetal organs were examined at various gestational periods. The first gestation period under examination was at 21-28 weeks, the second period was at 29-36 weeks, and the third was at 37-42 weeks. All fetuses died intranatally and antenatally. In our study we used organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, and statistical methods of research. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that the shape of the fallopian tube changed in the prenatal period. The body mass, the length of the pipe and the wall thickness increased. It is well-known that the wall of the fallopian tube of the fetuses, regardless of the gestational age, is represented by three components. The muscular component prevails. The folding of the mucous membrane varies depending on the gestational age. The thickness of the wall of the fetal organs increases in all terms of gestation and reaches its maximum at the 37-42 weeks. In the structure of the organ's wall, the muscle component prevails. The thickness of the serous membrane after the 36th week of gestation does not change. The immunohistochemical method shows the prevalence of mature types of collagen in the structure of the connective tissue. The index of apoptotic index in the mucous membrane of the wall of the fallopian tube increases with the period of gestation. Collagen type 1 predominates in the structure of the connective tissue of the organ wall. The composition of the connective tissue of the vascular wall is type 4 collagen. Endothelin production by the cells of the vascular wall increases. Moreover, this trend occurs in the vessels of the arterial and venous types. When treating drugs with monoclonal antibodies to estrogen, there was no reaction. Immunohistochemistry showed a positive reaction to the treatment of drugs with monoclonal antigens to progesterone. Conclusion. The established immunohistochemical features of the structure of the fallopian tubes of fetuses can be used in the study of those fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy.