«DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN DIALECTS OF BASHKIRIA» EDITED BY PROFESSOR ZOYA PETROVNA ZDOBNOVA: TO THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF PUBLICATION

The article is devoted to the unique dictionary of Russian dialects of Bashkiria, created at the Department of General and Comparative Historical Linguistics of the Bashkir State University under the guidance of Professor Zoya Petrovna Zdobnova. The work of the team of authors over the compilation of the dictionary continued for fifty years – starting in 1960. Since the publication of the first volume of the dictionary in 1997, 20 years have passed, convincingly demonstrating the importance of the dictionary in the development of Russian dialectology in Bashkortostan and the preservation of Russian national culture, reflected in an original word. In the preface to the dictionary it is noted that the territory of Bashkortostan was beginning to be populated by the Russians rather late – the main stream of migrants is associated with the abolition of serfdom in 1861, which determined the diversity of the population. The northern part of Bashkortostan, the Brisk and adjacent areas are inhabited mainly by immigrants from the neighboring provinces – Perm and Vyatka. In the central and southern parts of the republic, immigrants from the South Russian provinces predominate: Tambov, Kursk, Orel, Saratov, and others. At some points the population is mixed, consisting of carriers of North Russian, South Russian and Central Russian dialects. In some villages, along with the Russians live representatives of other nationalities: Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Mordvins, Tatars, Bashkirs, etc. In all settlements, the speech of the Russian population was recorded. In accordance with the modern lexicographic classification, the dictionary is an explanatory dictionary with elements of encyclopedic: the semantics of local words is described by the principle of explanatory dictionaries, in the presence of a literary language equivalent in meaning to a word – translation into a literary language, for describing realities absent in general life, encyclopedic way of description. The coverage of dialects is a consolidated dictionary of dissimilar dialects, but the dictionary is dominated by materials on the Middle Russian dialects of the Vladimir-Volga type. On the selection of vocabulary – this is a differential dictionary, which covers only the vocabulary that distinguishes dialects from the literary language represented in the Great and Small academic dictionaries and the explanatory dictionary edited by D.N. Ushakov. The vocabulary includes the common vocabulary, including the commonly used terminology of crafts and crafts developed in Bashkortostan (weaving, fishing, hunting, semi-nomadic cattle breeding, beekeeping, arts and crafts), words marked in explanatory dictionaries as obsolete, but not so in dialects, vocabulary active and passive, for example, archaisms from the speech of representatives of the older generation. The author of the article believes that after the lapse of 20 years from the publication of the first volume of the Dictionary of Russian Dialects of Bashkiria, a re-release of this unique collection is necessary, especially now that the folk dialects are on the verge of extinction and a whole layer of Russian culture is a thing of the past but does not go away irrevocably – it is preserved by the invaluable works of devotees-dialectologists. To their cohort, of course, belongs and Z.P. Zdobnova.