Effects of Self-Management Education Program on Knowledge, Self-Management Behaviors and SelfEfficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Having Poor Glycemic Control in Nepal

Introduction: Diabetic Mellitus has been known as chronic disease which has a very high incidence around the world. In Kathmandu, one of the biggest and capital City in Nepal, the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been increasing year by year. Objectives: This Single Blind Randomized Controlled trial study design aim to examine a self-management education program on knowledge, self-management behavior and self-efficacy on patient with T2DM having poor glycemic control. Methodology: Sixty six patients meet the inclusion criteria were selected from the Diabetes Out-patient department of Alka Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal, after pair matching the subjects were equally divided in to two groups. The control group usual care as provided in the OPD by diabetes nurses, while the experimental group received one month diabetes selfmanagement education program which followed the construct of selfmanagement method on Kanfer and Gaelick-Buy's work (1991). The components of education program included a reflection on selfmanagement behavior, education session regarding knowledge of DM, self-management education on diet, exercise, medication, management of complication, regular follow-up, individual goal settings and action planning and follow-up weekly at the 2nd week, 3rd week and 4th week. Result: The result of this study showed that subjects in the experimental group significantly improved their knowledge, self-management behaviors and self-efficacy after participant in the self-management education program. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference of knowledge, selfmanagement behaviors, and self-efficacy between subjects in the experimental and control group. In this research only immediate outcomes were measured (self-management behavior, knowledge, and self-efficacy), therefore future research should consider with long-term outcomes that can be effect of educational program, such as self-management, self-care behavior, and glycemic control status. Three- month program to monitor HbA1c outcome can be measured for effective self-management behavior program