The Politics of Counter-Focalization in Coetzee’s Disgrace

As the narrative of J.M. Coetzee's novel Disgrace is presented through the perspective of David Lurie, protagonist cum fixed internal focalizer of the novel, it is David who understands the post-apartheid South Africa and South Africans in his own way. Being the only focalizer of the novel all the characters and events are filtered through his consciousness. Therefore, it is neither the author, Coetzee nor the third person anonymous narrator who is responsible for the negative image created in the novel.