POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE AS A UNIVERSAL DRIVE FORCE

The article is devoted to the study of the definitions of «potential» and «potential difference» from the field of physics and technology, where they denote the supply of energy (electrical, thermal, mechanical, etc.) and the determination of the quantitative characteristics of this supply (for example, temperature, pressure) in different points in space, in particular in biological and social processes. The aim of the study is to generalize the concepts of «potential difference» and the interrelated concepts of «work», «flow», «resistance» for heat power engineering, bioenergy and state energy process. In the course of the study, a connection was es-tablished between the processes taking place in various fields of energy, bioenergy and social economy. The concepts that have passed from technical sciences to social ones (potential, entropy, turbulence, etc.) are considered. It was found that during some processes of thermal processing of food products, the heat flux can change its direction. The use of means that prevent such phenomena will lead to savings in energy and material resources. The study explains why the movement of blood in the capillaries should be laminar, and the turbulence of the air around the aircraft leads to discomfort for passengers. The process of determining the temperature difference as a key link in the transfer of thermal energy is analyzed. It is noted that temperature, as an intensive factor, can be checked using the value of the velocity coefficient of the liquid, the supports of the conductor, etc., with which it is associated. It was found that the concept of temperature as the rate of heating of a body concerns only gases — a vapor that is formed from water, although their temperatures are practically the same. With heat flow, the temperature difference depends on the thermal resistance of the immovable medium or on the thermal conductivity of the fluid flow. In the bioenergetics aspect, the uniqueness of plants as organisms in which irreversible processes with a decrease in entropy take place is emphasized, and the ability to keep a heavy ear on a thin stem occurs due to turgor. It is hypothesized that man has become «Homo sapiens» because the excess of bioenergy is converted into higher nervous activity. The application of the concept of «potential difference» for various tasks of socioeconomics — international interaction, information war, school and out-of-school education of young people, etc.