SECURE AND EFFICIENT ROUTING SCHEMES AND THEIR DESIGN CHALLENGES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

WSNs are vulnerable to a wide range of security threats, and security is crucial in facilitating secure communication. The rapid growth of wireless communication and related fields has re-energized academia-industry collaboration to develop more secure and efficient routing strategies. Because WSN nodes have limited energy, they frequently die, resulting in pre-mature link outages, data loss, retransmission delays, and low battery. The existence of a malicious node in the network has a negative impact on network performance. Secure routing protocols, which can transfer packets using secure paths, are required to protect WSNs from security attacks and malware. Since security important in WSN, Various secure routing protocols are developed to improve packet transmission efficiency. Different schemes for providing security are Cryptography, Intrusion detection, and Secure routing. This paper aims to study various routing mechanisms that offer secure and robust packet transmission from source to destination. Finally, the paper contributes to discussing the difficulties in developing a routing protocol for WSNs that considers the interdependency of various network parameters