Glycine max (L) Merrit Extracts Inhibited the Enhancement of Tyrosinase Expression and the Increase in the Amount of Melanin on Cavia Porcellus Skin that is exposed to Ultraviolet B

The process of skin aging due to exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light is characterized by an increase in the expression of the enzyme Tyrosinase and the amount of melanin in the skin. Whitening creams used as anti-hyperpigmentation skin containing hydroquinone and mercury cause negative effects on the skin such as irritation, rebound phenomenon, and ochronosis. Black soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrit) is a type of legume that has active ingredients with the potential to inhibit the melanogenesis process by inhibiting the increase in the expression of the enzyme Tyrosinase. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that the application of black soybean extract cream inhibited the increase in Tyrosinase enzyme expression and the amount of melanin in guinea pigs exposed to UVB. This study used a randomized posttest only control group design. Subjects were guinea pigs (Cavia Porcellus), male, healthy, local strain, 3-4 months old, 300-350 grams weight, one hybrid, with total of 36 divided into two group (18 each). The control group was given exposure to UVB light and base cream while the treatment group was given exposure to UVB light and black soybean extract cream 30 %. The expression of the Tyrosinase enzyme was examined using the immunohistochemical method, whereas the calculation of the amount of melanin was examined using the histopathological method by Masson-Fontana staining. The results showed the mean amount of Tyrosinase in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (15.05 ± 2.27 % vs 37.36 ± 3.88 %; p less than0.001). The mean melanin expression in the treatment group was also lower than the control group (4.62 ± 2.27 % vs 26.43 ± 3.91 %; p less than0.001). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the administration of black soybean extract cream prevented an increase in Tyrosinase levels and melanin levels in guinea pigs that were exposed to Ultraviolet B.