EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROME /JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS A MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASE IN GORAKHPUR DISTRICT

Mosquitoes are carriers of various diseased pathogens. Poor drainage system grows population of mosquitoes which is mostly a problem of megacities. Japanese Encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in various parts of world. Japanese Encephalitis has caused epidemics of several hundred to several thousand cases in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, and occurs in eastern Siberia, China, Okinawa, Jawa, Thailand, Malaya, Singapur, and India. Reports of a disease resembling JBE go back to 1871. The etiologic agent was characterized by Japanese workers during a severe epidemic in 1924. In 1958 there were 5700 cases with 1322 deaths reported in Korea, and 1800 cases with 519 deaths in Japan. In 1961,an outbreak in Taiwan involved 704 reported cases. Elsewhere (except in the mainland of China) the disease occurs as small outbreaks or sporadic cases. A vast range of facility from 0.3 to 60 % depends upon different age group of the population. Mosquito borne Japanese Encephalitis was previously known as Japanese B Encephalitis which is a member of Flaviviridae. Generally transmission of animal diseases occurs by help of vector like mosquitoes.Mosquitoes are important vectors in the transmission of animal diseases. It involves the transmission of viruses, bacteria, fungi, Protozoa and Helminthiasis. Where major outbreaks occur, immunization of pigs could reduce amplification of JBE virus and lower the infective level of Culex tritaeniorhychus populations. In the present study, there are about 12 different species of the mosquitoes reported by the Malaria workers in different parts of rural and urban areas of Gorakhpur. Every year an outbreak of the 20 to 25 % mortality from the infected persons of AES/JE has been reported at the Gorakhpur. Key words: Japanese encephalitis/Acute encephalitis syndrome, Culex, Gorakhpur. Introduction