A Review on Gain & Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques of Microstrip Patch Antenna

In the recent years the study of Microstrip patch antennas has made great progress. If we compare this antenna with conventional antennas, then it is important to note that the Microstrip patch antennas have more advantages and better prospects, Such as they are lighter in weight, low volume, low profile, smaller in dimension, ease of fabrication and conformity. Moreover, these Microstrip patch antennas can provide dual and circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation, frequency agility, broad band-width, and feed line flexibility, and beam steering & omnidirectional patterning also. Because of this Microstrip patch antennas of all shapes are widely used in communication systems. However, these antennas have some limitations like low bandwidth due to surface wave losses, and low gain when used in conventional form. Hence, so this work focuses on the improvement of such parameters which are reported in literatures.