Clinicopathological Study of Leukaemia in Gauhati Medical College&Hospital, Assam, India: A One Year Retrospective Study

Introduction Leukemias are neoplastic proliferations of haematopoietic stem cells and form a major proportion of haematopoietic neoplasms that are diagnosed worldwide. Typing of leukemia is essential for effective therapy because prognosis and survival rate are different for each type and sub-type Aims To carry out the incidence of acute and chronic leukemias presenting in various departments of GMCH, Guwahati, Assam. Methods It was a retrospective study of 182 patients carried out in the department of Pathology over a period of one year between February 2017 and January 2018. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood count, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination (as on when available- marrow sample) for morphology along with cytochemical study whenever possible. Results In the present study, commonest leukemia was Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) followed by Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL). Out of total 182 cases, 96 were male and 82 were females with Male Female ratio is 1.11 1. Acute lymphoid leukemia was the most common type of leukaemia in the children and adolescents. Myeloid neoplasms were most common in adults. Conclusion Detailed hematological analysis including peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration smears examination with cytochemical stains and cytogentic analysis are necessary for early and definite diagnosis and effective management of hematological malignancies.