Ring Structures of Nanomaterials

The classical approach in particle physics is based on the fact, that the electron has some parameters like charge, mass, etc. and does not have a structure. The electron is calculated as point particle having magnetic and electric properties. Finding a better structure model can give us truer description of particle behavior. For example Coulombs force between the proton and the electron for very small distances gives quite opposite results for different particle models (for point particles it is infinity and for ring particles it is zero). Results for larger distances are the same. Ring theory (RT) imagines the electron as semi-fractal particle with a toroidal (ring) shape that is formed by ring substructures connected to each other by vortex electromagnetic fields. The atomic nucleus can be built from the ring protons and neutrons. Knowledge of structure rules of the atomic nucleus and the properties of vortex electromagnetic field allow us to create relatively precisely the structure models of individual atoms and molecules (or nanostructures like graphene). It allows us better understand the fundamental arrangement (and topology) of atoms and molecules. RT with evolutionary optimization gives us a new tool that helps create new nanostructures with desired behavior.