A Prospective Study Showing the Incidence of Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus to Methicillin and Vancomycin in Various Clinical Infections along with Some Major Risk Factors, in a Tertiary Care Centre of Bareilly

Background S. aureus has been recognized as continuously challenging the clinicians despite the availability of antibiotics from nearly 70 yrs and emergence of various types of antibiotic resistance mechanisms especially to methicillin and vancomycin, which was the theme of this study. Methods This study was prospective in design and conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Bareilly. All S. aureus strains were isolated and screened for methicillin and vancomycin resistance by disc diffusion test, further intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin was detected by E-strip test. , as there is no intermediate criteria for vancomycin by disc diffusion test. Results Out of 505 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, we found that MRSA, VISA, and VRSA as 80.8 %, 0.6 % and 0.0 % respectively. Maximum number of MRSA isolates were found with septicaemia, UTI& pneumonia i. e.20.5 %, 19.6 %, 11.3 % respectively followed by rest clinical diagnosis. As far as VISA is concerned, all three isolates were isolated from the patients who had all four risk factors, mentioned below. Conclusion-This report is a pointer towards emerging low level vancomycin resistance in S. aureus in India. The possible reason given for this development is inappropriate& injudicious use of vancomycin especially in situations where an alternate antimicrobial like -lactam in reasonably higher dose can be more beneficial.