Nano-Scale Topographic Modification of Commercial Pure Titanium Dental Implant to Improve Osseointegration

The influence of commercially pure titanium (Cp Ti) coatings on the biocompatibility of dental implants using a combination of chemical etching and physical vapor deposition methods were studied. The implants prepared and divided into three groups without modification (control), surface modified with Ti by thermal evaporation (thermally treated), and surfaces chemically etched with H2SO4 and H2O2 before coating with Ti by thermal evaporation deposition (combination treated). For this in vitro experiments, the surfaces characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, thickness measurements and microscopy examinations. While, for this in vivo investigations, the implants inserted into the tibia of New Zealand rabbits. A biomechanical tests and histological analysis were performed to understand the bone-implant interface and torque resistance of the implants. The results show that the average removal torque gradually increases and is highest in the combination treated group. In addition, the histological analysis showed improved quality of bone in response to surface nano-modification, the combination treated implants revealed a well-developed mature bone, characterized by bony threads and haversian canal