A Critical Review on Arsenic Exposure and Its Toxicopathophysiology

All natural resources are contaminated with high concentration of arsenic which ultimately results major environmental and health problems in the affected areas. It has been observed that inorganic form of arsenic is most toxic both acute and chronic. We conducted the review of available literature focusing on the adverse effect on human body as well as treatments to remove the contamination from ground water, soil. Intially arsenic enters into the body through inhalation, ingestion and distributed in different parts of human body like liver, skin, lungs and kidney. It has been very difficult to detect arsenic toxicity in body parts because it has many similar symptoms in other diseases also. Nowadays a wide range of different technologies are available for the removal of high concentration of arsenic from drinking water like ion exchange method, oxidation, and coagulation and filtration methods. Many chelating agents nowadays have discovered against the toxic effect of arsenic on human bodies like DMSA has potential to treat the chronic arsenic toxicity effectively. As well as the Dithiol& monothiol agents (BAL) Penicillamine SMSA has been reported as a best chelating agent for the treatment of clinical manifestations and reducing subsequent-cancer risk.