Epidemiology and Outcomes of Acute Renal Failure in Rural Females of Low Socioeconomic Status - A Referral Hospital Experience

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause for mortality and morbidity and understanding the epidemiology and outcomes of AKI helps the prevention of AKI related mortality. The present study is selectively analyzed the epidemiology and outcomes of AKI in females of low socioeconomic status belong to rural areas Methods prospective observational study of female AKI patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, India between May 2010 and April 2013. Etiology, comorbidities, management modalities and outcomes were studied. Results the incidence of AKI in females was 29.2 % (186/635). The mean age was 3915 years. Infections are the predominant etiology for AKI in females (45.1 %) and complicated malaria is the leading one. Primary glomerular diseases (12.9 %), undiagnosed preexisting chronic kidney disease with acute deterioration (11.2), obstetric causes (8 %) are leading etiologies following infections. Due to delay in recovery, 43 patients (23 %) underwent renal biopsy, of which acute tubular necrosis (29 %) and acute interstitial nephritis ( 20 %) are the predominant histological reporting respectively. SLE/ lupus nephritis (LP) 18.6 % are the predominant glomerular disease.96 % patients needed hemodialysis (3.2 sessions). Mortality is 6.9 % with mean age 37 years and mean serum Creatinine 5.72.8mg %. Progression to Chronic kidney disease is 4.3 %. Conclusions AKI in females is predominantly of Infectious cause which is preventable, and regular health checkups may diagnose and treat pre existing CKD s and glomerular diseases, SLE in particular which carries high morbidity and mortality.