Phylogenetic Analysis of Dietary Flavonoids Against COX-2 Protein Causing Colon Cancer

Flavonoids are a class of polyphenols found in fruits, legumes, vegetables, nuts, seeds, grains and tea. Citrus flavonoids are found in fruit tissue, juice, pulp and stem. Naringin of grapefruit and hasperidin of orange rarely occur in other plants and unique to these fruits. Power of flavonoids is dazzling. They are antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiallergic, neuroprotective and also have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth. Increased cyclooxygenase activity promotes progression of colorectal cancer. In this research report, phylogenetic relationships of various flavonoid plant sources such as Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca), Strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa), Rapeseed (Brassica napus), Apple (Malus Domestica), Grapes ( Vitis vinifera), Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), Onions (Allium cepa), Soyabean (Glycine max), Mulberry (Morus alba), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), (Citrus clementina) has been done with the use of CLUSTAL-omega and PYLIP. It is also found with the help of literature that mainly Grapes contain high flavonoid content due to the presence of MYB genes in Vitacea family than the other species of the Vitacea family. It is seen that no genome wide characterization has been done on these species. Increased cyclo-oxygenase activity promotes progression of colorectal cancer. This study is therefore aimed to target COX-2 as target protein and Grape Flavonoids as ligand to prevent colon cancer. Colon cancer is the third most common cancer among all the countries especially in western ones after the Breast cancer and Lung cancer in either sex. In India, Colon cancer is sixth in number in a deadly disease position. In the present research report, dietry flavonoids have been used as nutraceutical that provides health and medical benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. In this way, flavonoids are playing a very important role in colon cancer prevention. In the present report, molecular docking of COX-2 has been done as a target protein with the Grape Flavonoids and its analogues with the help of software named as AUTODOCK- 4. Afterwards, ADMET properties of all ligands are measured with ORISIS property explorer software which is freely accessible.