Technological Advances in the Diagnosis of Leptospirosis: Current Immunological and Molecular Tools

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic neglected infectious disease. It is common in tropical endemic areas including our nation. It is underreported and underdiagnosed in our country either due to the lack of awareness or due to the lack of proper diagnostic facilities. Leptospirosis should be considered during the differential diagnosis of other tropical febrile illnesses like dengue, malaria, rickettsial infections, hanta virus infections and many more. As leptospirosis in its severe form lead to multiorgan dysfunction and death, early and appropriate diagnosis and treatment is essential. This review concentrates on the diagnostic aspects of the neglected tropical disease.