Maximum Power Point Tracking using Perturb & Observation Technique

Non-conventional energy sources (solar energy, wind energy, ocean thermal energy, biomass or biogas, geothermal, tidal energy etc.) play a vital role in electricity generation, in which solar energy is most important energy source, which produces electricity by the photovoltaic effect. The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. Our aim is to obtain maximum power at the load side from the solar panel. So basic network theorem is applied called maximum power point theorem. Solar energy obtained is in dc form and dc to dc converters are used to use the output of solar voltage to load, it can be either stepped up or stepped down according to requirement. Maximum Power Point is obtained using P and O technique. At this MPP, Battery as a load is charged and solar energy is stored in the battery. This stored energy can be used either directly in the dc form or converted to ac with the help of inverter. Various MPPT techniques are utilized for the tracking of MPPT but here we have we have P and O technique.