Structural features of the higher education system in Canada

The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the modern system of higher education in Canada. Canada has developed in close proximity to the United States in the colonial territories of France and Great Britain. Each province has its own Ministry of Education. The article describes the modern education system in Canada. Canada has such institutions: universities, university colleges, community colleges, Cégep colleges, schools and pre-school institutions. Students who successfully complete their secondary studies may apply to enter a college or university, depending on the part of the country and whether they are academically eligible. Generally speaking, colleges award diplomas or certificates for college studies. However, in British Columbia, Alberta, and to a lesser extent in Manitoba and the Northwest Territories, community colleges offer courses allowing students to take the equivalent of two years of courses toward a bachelor's degree. These programs allow students to complete their third and fourth years in a university college or university and earn a degree. In several provinces and territories, students must apply for admission and have their college studies assessed to determine whether they can receive university credits for the courses completed. University studies are divided into three cycles leading to degrees: bachelor's, master's, and doctorate (Ph.D.). As well, most universities, within these three cycles, have one- to three-year programs leading to various certificates and diplomas. Master's studies follow the honours undergraduate degree, requiring at least one year of study and usually two. Certain kinds of master's degrees require a written dissertation or a professional practicum. The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the modern system of higher education in Canada. The doctorate (Ph.D.) degree follows upon the master's, and usually requires three years of study. Most students take four to five years, on average, to complete their doctoral studies. They must take seminars and a specific number of courses, do research, and write and defend a thesis. The most important elements of the university curriculum in the framework of the pedagogical education system in Canada for the master's degree are considered. The content of pedagogical education is determined by the standards of higher education in Canada and provides for fundamental, psychological and pedagogical, methodological, informational and technological, practical and socio-humanitarian training of pedagogical workers.