ANALYSIS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMICS ON THE DYNAMICS OF NBU DISCOUNT RATES AND INTEREST RATES ON LOANS AND DEPOSITS IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

The article examines the current state of monetary policy implementation in Ukraine. It was found that the monetary policy of central banks as an integral part of economic policy provides a financial and credit basis for stable socio-economic development of the country as a whole and each entity living in it in particular. The concept of "discount rate" is developed. Based on the study, the trends in the discount rate of the National Bank of Ukraine as one of the most important and effective instruments of monetary policy were analyzed. From the open data, the dynamics of the NBU discount rate was assessed, which allows to build a picture of monetary regulation of economic cycles in Ukraine. The reasons for changes in the discount rate in Ukraine for 2017 - 2020 are described. Particular attention is paid to the study of the impact of changes in the discount rate on changes in interest rates on loans and deposits. It is determined that the results of the study allow us to talk about the relationship between them. The article presents the dynamics of the discount rate of foreign countries, in particular Poland and the Russian Federation. The effect of the discount rate on interest rates on loans and deposits for individuals in foreign countries is schematically depicted and analyzed. There is a tendency to reduce the discount rate of all studied countries under the influence of the epidemic situation in the world and the spread of COVID-19. Accordingly, as already mentioned, a reduction in the discount rate entails a reduction in the interest rate. Which in turn has led to state support through the availability of credit to businesses and individuals during protracted quarantine.