Effect of Addition of Bismuth Oxide, Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles and Niobium Oxide Nanoparticles to Portland Cement on the Proliferation and Migration of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Various pulp capping agents have been used for direct and indirect pulp therapies. In recent times, calcium silicate based cements have replaced calcium hydroxide as a pulp capping agent. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate was one of the most commonly used pulp capping agents. However, the presence of bismuth oxide as a radio opacifying agent added to certain disadvantages which led to the discovery of alternatives such as zirconium oxide and niobium oxide. Since the process of pulp dentin regeneration involves the action of dental pulp stem cells, the present study was conducted with the aim of analysing the effect of addition of three different radio opacifiers to Portland cement, namely zirconium oxide nano particles, niobium oxide nanoparticles and bismuth oxide on the proliferation and migration of dental pulp stem cells.