GENERAL METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OF OBJECTS WITH VARIABLE GEOMETRY IN OBJECTIVE-SPATIAL DESIGN

The objective of the article is to define and characterize the basic general methods of construction of objects with variable geometry in the area of objective-spatial design. On the basis of a thorough analysis of scientific publications and modern samples of transformative objects of different specifics, it was established that objects with variable geometry in objective-spatial design are often based on methods borrowed from architecture, design of mobile housing, clothing, etc. As a result, ten general methods of transformation in objective-spatial design were defined, their characteristic features were described, the main areas of use and specificities of functional purpose were established. The methods are as follows: the unfolding method (a partial or complete transfiguration of the initial form of the object, resulting in the unfolding of supplementary functional elements simultaneously or alternately); the packaging method (more radical version of the unfolding method); the rearrangement method (rearrangement of a set of modular elements in different ways, within the designs limits); the modular construction method (arrangement a set of subordinate modular parts in one or many particular ways to form a indivisible object); the displacement method (the process of shifting one or several parts of the initial structure in different directions relative to the static base); the rotation method (the movement of the structural elements of the object around its static base); the awning structures method (the construction of a closed environment by using pre-fabricated awning structures); the aggregation method (ensuring the variety of configurations of an object through a coalescence of its separate structural elements into an adjustable construction set); the unification method (unification of the vast variety of similar design objects and reduction it to a single form, system, configuration); the separation method (the splitting of one object into two or more self-sufficient parts). In conclusion, it was established that in practice these ten methods are universal and have a wide range of applications, both utilitarian and conceptual in nature, and are often applied in different combinations in order to optimize the process of product exploitation, or to provide the necessary aesthetic characteristics.