SURVEY ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK AND ITS APPLICATIONS WITH EFFICIENT ROUTING MECHANISM

The Wireless sensor network (WSN) is promising network architecture. It used in many applications such as monitoring the environment, detecting the object, tracking the event, and security surveillance.WSNs consist of large numbers of very small autonomous wireless devices, called sensor nodes. Sensor nodes perform multiple functions such as sensing, computing, and communication. Energy is the basic need for the sensor nodes to perform its function. Sensor nodes are battery-powered devices. Charging batteries for sensor node is difficult in WSN. If the node drains its energy completely, it will become dead node. If the energy exhausts during transmission, the routing path is destroyed and the packet delivery ratio is decreased. Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which the packets move from one host to the other. Sensor nodes must report the sensed data to a central node, called sink. Routing mechanisms ensure reliable communication without unnecessary energy consumption. In order to have a communication between source and sink, Link based routing is used. This paper provides the background of wireless sensor network.