TRANSLATION MEDICINE AND BIOMARKERS; BENCH TO BEDSIDE—AN OVERVIEW

There is no clear definition of translational medicine; it means different things to different people. Here, we define translational medicine (also referred to as translational science) as a rapidly growing discipline in biomedical research that aims to expedite the discovery of new diagnostic tools and treatments by using a multi-disciplinary, highly collaborative approach. Often described as the practice of transferring scientific knowledge “from bench to bedside“ (B2B), translational medicine builds on fundamental research advances–studies of biological processes using cell cultures, for example, or animal models – and uses them to develop new therapies or medical procedures. Translation science is often described as an effort to carry scientific knowledge, "From bench to bedside." Translation medicine builds on necessary research advances studies of the biological process using cell cultures or animal models and uses them to develop therapies or medical procedures. The main feature of translation medicine is the bridging function between preclinical and clinical research. It aims at answering the single but tremendously important question. If a drug X works in rats, rabbits, and even monkeys, how likely will it be beneficial to humans? Historically, how did this simple and straightforward question, which naturally inherent to all drug development processes