MANAGEMENT OF FETAL ANEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA WITH INTRAUTERINE BLOOD TRANSFUSION

Fetal anemia and fetal thrombocytopenia are two of the most unsmiling complications in pregnant women, and they can lead to perinatal mortality and morbidity. After long years of study with intravascular intrauterine blood transfusion, a number of varieties of implications have been described. Intrauterine Blood Transfusion (IUBT) is considered the best method in the case of fetal anemia because it is caused by red cell alloimmunization. Not only for red blood cell transfusion, this method can also be used for the transfusion of platelets to thrombocytopenic fetuses in pregnant women. It is generally detected after a child is born who is symptomatic and shows signs of bleeding in the brain and skin. The biggest milestone for the clinician is to give preventive treatment in next pregnancy. Pregnancies at risk require serial monitoring, and Fetal Middle Cerebral arterial (MCA) Doppler is the non-invasive test that is now proving to be the choice for monitoring. IVIG (Intravenous immunoglobulin) is used to manage severe Rh-immunization and is now showing promising effects. Indications like Parvovirus B19, Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH), Fetal SacrococcygealTeratoma (SCT), Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, placental chorioangioma diseases, or other infections can be treated with this method. This review covers fetal transfusion techniques and explores current management of fetal anemia and thrombocytopenia.