Exploring the Relationship of Intellectual Capital, Board Characteristics and Business Performance: A Literature Review

The concept of intellectual capital (IC) was introduced by Leif Edvinsson in 1997 in the long Planning journal. 2019 marks since 22 years from that article. This centenary has motivated us to review the literature on the IC for highlighting the various research questions that relates to current marketing research. Hence, after reviewing the literature on IC, it has shown that IC is considered a knowledge based and an important resource to improve the organizational business performance (BP). In the extensive literature, the researchers have argued that as a knowledge base resource it carries out more than 75 percent worth of the organization and also determine the success of the today’s business. The relationship between IC, board characteristics (BC) and BP has been review in detail. In line with this, intellectual capital and board characteristics are considered essential to improve performance and success of the organization but there still there is no clear relationship among them and also a lack of studies in the context of developing countries. Hence, after reviewing the several studies, the following knowledge gaps in the existing studies have been found. Therefore, much remains to understood regarding the way of approaching and conceptualizing both, IC, BC with the BP in another way to see the clear relationship among them.