Plant Tissue Culture of Catharanthus roseus or Madagascar Periwinkle as a Continuous Source for the Increased Production of Alkaloids

Plants have been known for their medicinal properties across the world for a long time. In the field of medicine, medicinal plants have played a critical role. Catharanthus roseus is one such plant with enormous medical significance and potential. C.roesus, often known as Madagascar periwinkle, is a major drug-producing plant. More than 200 alkaloids are found in all parts of the plant, including the leaf, root, shoot, and stem, and are used to treat a variety of diseases. Vincristine and Vinblastine, two of the most important alkaloids, are produced from the leaves of C. roseus. Because the indole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine are exceedingly expensive and are found in very low concentrations (0.0005 percent of dry weight) in leaves, half a tonne of dry leaves is required to obtain 1 kg of vinblastine, and 530 mg of leaves are utilised to make 1 kg of vinblastine. The medicinal efficacy of these bis-indole alkaloids (VBL and VCR) and the expensive expense of producing them in minute amounts have driven substantial efforts to enhance their levels using Plant-Tissue Culture and mutation induction. Cell suspension, hairy root, and callus cultures, shoot cultures, metabolic engineering, and regulation studies are all examples of in vitro approaches that can be used to improve the quality of the product.