Exploring the Main Factors Influencing the Quality of Learning Outcomes of Pedagogical Students from the Lecturers' Perspectives

In the context of the information economy and the 4.0 revolution, higher education is experiencing significant changes to meet the requirements of society for high-quality human resources. In response to these demands, the institution has altered its curriculum, teaching techniques, and assessment of learning outcomes. However, there has been little interest in considering factors influencing learners' learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to better understand the factors that influence the quality of students' learning outcomes from the perspective of lecturers at pedagogical schools. Google Form was used as a mean to construct the survey and distribute to participants. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to discover the potential factors. The experimental results from 122 key teachers revealed that there were eight factors affecting students? learning outcomes, including assessment methods, assessment principles, facilitating conditions, peer assessment guidelines, test technique conformity, formative assessment, self-assessment guidelines, relationships with teaching elements. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge by enriching new factors so that interested researchers can consider them in subsequent studies. In the practical perspective, educators and policy makers can justify decision making based on the extracted factors.