CARACTERISATION DES PRATIQUES PHYTOSANITAIRES ET DES PESTICIDES CHIMIQUES UTILISES PAR LES PRODUCTEURS MARAICHERS AUTOUR DE DEUX ECOSYSTEMES AQUATIQUES CLASSES SITES RAMSAR AU NIGER : LE LAC GUIDIMOUNI ET LA MARE DE TABALAK

To protect crops and secure yields, market gardeners are increasingly resorting to a range of chemical pesticides, only some of these products are known to have harmful effects. In order to assess the potential danger of pesticides used by market gardeners for two aquatic ecosystems, a survey was conducted among 200 market gardeners around Lake Guidimouni and the Tabalak pond, two Ramsar sites in Niger. An inventory of pesticides was carried out, the use of these products was highlighted and an index was calculated to determine their potential danger to these ecosystems. All the producers questioned use chemical pesticides 69% and 77% of the producers have no training in the application of phytosanitary products 77% and 89% treat between 1 and more than 3 times a week, 1% follow the packaging instructions to apply the dosage several practices that can lead to water contamination were noted. The indices of the active ingredients, taken individually, show that the use of these molecules can constitute potential dangers for aquatic ecosystems: 60 and 65.11% have very high indices 20 and 9.30% have average indices at Guidimouni and Tabalak respectively. A study should be conducted to assess the exposure and impacts of the latter on these ecosystems.