Семантична й граматична структура фразеологічних одиниць із компонентами зірка та зоря в українській мові

The article considers the semantic and grammar structure of the phraseological units with zirka (star) and zoria (dawning) component. An overall survey of the scientific articles of the Ukrainian scholars is carried out. They studied the peculiarities of some phraseological macro- and microsystems. The microsystem of the phraseological units with zirka component is stated to be less common comparatively (46 units only) but it is very diversified in its semantic and grammar peculiarities. The analysis of the phraseological units semantics with zirka and zoria component gives grounds to assert that most PU of this microsystem mean various period relations: do zori (before the dawning) ῾very early', do zori svitovoy (till dawn) ῾opbefore sunrise', vid zori do zori (from dawn to dawn) ῾from early morning till late at night', do samoi zori (until dawning) ῾till late at night, do samoy zori (till dawning) ῾till morning' and others. The phraseological units with zirka and zoria component mean also action: byty zoriu (beat the dawn) ῾to give a sign to go to bed or to get up' (mostly among military men), distavaty (znimaty) zori (zirky) [z neba] (to get (remove) the stars (stars) [from the sky]) ῾to do something unusual, supernatural, impossible'; reshetom u vodi zirky lovyty (to catch stars in water with a sieve) ῾waste time'; concepts: providna zirka (leading star) ῾important landmark'; shchastlyva zirka / zoria (lucky star) ῾success, luck'; zirka pershoi velychyny (first magnitude star) ῾celebrity' (about a person who has become famous in some field of knowledge, activity, etc.)'; spacious relations, i.e. a place in the space: do zir (till the stars) ῾very high'; na tykhi vody na yasni zori (on quiet waters on clear stars) ῾return/ come back, to travel about the native lands'. As the researchers say, the phraseological units with the component zirka have the following syntactic structures as: a word-combination with a subordinate relation: providna zoria (leading dawn), byty zoriu (beat dawn), zaimatysia na zoriu (begin to dawn), or with compositional relation: ni svit ni zoria (at the crack of dawn); a simple sentence: zoria dogoraye (the dawn burns out), na svit ne zorilo (the light did not dawn), zirka (zoria) ziishla (the star (dawn) rose); a combination of words: do zori (till the dawning) chut' zoria (hardly dawn), vid zori do zori (from dawn to dusk); a comparative sentence: yak vovk na zoriakh (like a wolf in dawn) means ῾to understand'; yak zirok (zir) na nebi (as stars (dawn) in the sky). Polysemy and variants are of the main features among the PUs with zirka and zoria component, which are inconsistently displayed in phraseological dictionaries of the Ukrainian language. Attention is drawn to the punctuation rules of some phraseological units in this microsystem. This microsystem peculiarities are advised to be compared with other phraseological microsystems.