Histological and physiological determinants of hypothyroidism in patients and its relationship with lipid profile

Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone to maintain normal physiological function. Low thyroid hormone levels make it difficult for cells in the body to get enough thyroid hormone, resulting in a slowed metabolism. There are various reasons for the prevalence of autoimmune disease and radiation therapy. Excess or deficiency of iodine causes thyroiditis. Because lipids are hydrophobic, they cannot transport fats like cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides through the bloodstream. Instead, they bind to proteins to produce lipoproteins, which carry fats such as cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids throughout the body. This study evaluated the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in 25 patients and 25 healthy individuals using the EIA technique. The study found that hypothyroidism patients have higher TSH levels than healthy controls, while their T3 and T4 levels are lower than healthy controls. When hypothyroidism patients were compared to healthy controls, there was a significant increase in the mean levels of all lipids except for high-density lipoprotein. We concluded that the TSH levels in hypothyroidism patients were significantly higher than in the control group. In addition, these patients have an abnormal lipid profile, with significantly higher levels of TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL.