The Implementations of Cross Border Para-Diplomacy in Sijori Collaboration

Purpose: This article aims at critically analyzing implementations of cross-border Paradiplomacy in micro-regional co-operations SIJORI (Singapore Johor Riau Island) with case regional inequality. Design / Method: This article uses a qualitative method and case study approach for the three micro-regional collaborations each member countries. Finding: This article founded that effective cross-border diplomacy combines a sound institutional space within regional organism top-down processes and structural capacities of local governments and role other actors to implement bottom-up strategies. The involvement and role of other actors as a new phenomenon of international relations study in the context of ―Para-diplomacy" as conceptual finding that has been carried out by European and American countries. Originality: There is no study on the role and implementations of Para-diplomacy under the framework of micro-regional co-operations. This article represents contribution of research which focus of border area directly, about international status and its external affairs. It also investigates the contribution of Para-diplomacy to strengthening the endogenous capacity of border authorities