Trends of climate change and its Impact on Biodiversity and Ecosystem of Nepal

Climate change is one of the most challenging problems in biodiversity and the ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to analyze trends of climate change and its impacts on Biodiversity and ecosystems in Nepal. There is a general agreement that Climate Change impacting Nepal rather disproportionately compared to its size and its meager contribution to greenhouse gases. However, given its location between the two rapidly growing economies of India and China, Nepal cannot escape the rapidly increasing influence of climate and global changes. The research-based on secondary data and document review. The national documents were collected from the concerned, office, projects as well as official websites. The research shows the trend of maximum and minimum temperature during 1975-2006. Due to the climate change, its effects rapidly retreating glaciers (average retreat of more than 30 m/year), the rapid temperature rise (>0.06°. ), erratic rainfalls, and an increase in the frequency of extreme events such as landslide, floods, and drought-like situation are some of the effects in Nepal is facing during the last few years. Anthropogenic activity is a key factor for climate change. Climate change also affects biodiversity and the ecosystem. Biodiversity is affected by climate change at different levels from low land to high mountains as well as small rivers to deep seas. Some species have become extinct while others are endangered. Nepal is rich in biodiversity. Biodiversity is another important resource of Nepal that is also being affected as invasive species will spread fast and useful medicinal, food, and nutritionrelated plants may threaten and disappear. Climate is Extinctions can disrupt fundamental ecological processes. The Government and non-government agencies implemented different programs such as national parks, wildlife reserves, conservation areas, hunting reserves, and simsar sites are being created in Nepal to manage the good biodiversity and ecosystems. The different strategies or plans implemented by the government mitigate climate change in developed and developing countries. Nepal is currently preparing National Action Plan on Adaptation (NAPA) which should be made as comprehensive and topical as possible. As people became more aware of the effects of climate change, a variety of programs have been implemented to protect it