Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Curcuma Longa on Ulcerative Colitis Caused via AcOH in Rats

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the small intestine and colon. The purpose of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of turmeric plant on ulcerative colitis caused by AcOH in rats. This research is a single-blind controlled trial for outcome assessor conducted on 70 male Wistar rats since the beginning of 2022 in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine. A total of 72 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 180-220 were included in the study. The selected mice were bred in the animal cage of the college and were reared under similar lighting conditions, humidity, and nutrition. Then, the samples were randomly placed in 9 groups (8 samples in each group) by Excel software. Three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of the extracts were effective in reducing the weight of the distal colon (8 cm) as a marker of tissue inflammation and edema. Three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic extract and two more doses of chloroform fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg) were effective in reducing ulcer severity and area, and in reducing the severity and extent of mucosal inflammation, crypt damage, invasive involvement, and total colitis index. The chloroform fraction (50 mg/kg) was ineffective in reducing the evaluated colitis component compared to the control group. This shows that hydroalcoholic extract and chloroform fraction are effective in the treatment of experimental colitis. It can be attributed to the same main compounds, flavonoids, and biophenols. Efficacy was already detectable at low doses of the chloroform fraction. Therefore, the presence of a very potent active ingredient in the rhizome is compelling.