1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Improves Implant Osseointegration in T2DM Via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress

Hyperglycemia-generated oxidative stress would result in impaired osseointegration of implant and high rate of implantation failure. Previous studies have demonstrated that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3 ) favored glucose homeostasis and implant osseointegration in diabetic rats. However, its concrete mechanisms in osteogenesis still remains unclear. We investigated herein that 1,25VD3 might ameliorate the osseointegration through suppressing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM rats was induced by administration of streptozotocin and received implants insertion, with or without 1,25VD3 treatment for 12 weeks. After sacrifice, the plasma oxidative stress-related biomarkers level, bone microarchitecture and biomechanical index of rats were measured systematically. Osteoblasts were isolated and exposed to high glucose, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, revers transcription-qPCR and Western blotting analysis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected to evaluate oxidative stress. The results suggested that 1,25VD3 could reverse the impaired osseointegration and mechanical strength by suppressing the hyperglycemia-generated oxidative stress. Our study also provides a new theoretical basis that the application of 1,25VD3 might be a novel approach to suppress oxidative stress and enhance implant osseointegration in diabetic patients.