Analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation in several types of intravenous fluids based on time

An intravenous catheter is a medical device used to inject intravenous fluid into the body. This procedure can cause coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis penetrates the skin and forms biofilm on the catheter. Biofilms bring serious problems such as antibiotic resistance, the long-term effects that increase the length of staying in the hospital, cost, morbidity, and mortality. This research aimed to analyze the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis in several types of intravenous fluids based on time. This was a laboratory experimental research using the microtiter plate assay method and crystal violet coloring. Three 96-well microplates were inoculated with S. epidermidis in ringer lactate, 10% dextrose, 5% dextrose, normal saline, and gelafusal, where each plate was incubated at 3 different times of 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The results show that the optical density values of all intravenous fluids with bacteria within 24 and 48 h of incubation time did not show any significant differences compared to negative controls, while the 72 h treatments of 10% dextrose, 5% dextrose, and normal saline showed significant differences. This indicates that biofilms of S. epidermidis were not formed in intravenous fluids within 24 and 48 h of incubation time, however this bacterium started forming biofilm in 10% dextrose, 5% dextrose, and normal saline within 72 h of incubation time. In conclusion, the length of incubation time may influence biofilm formation.