A TRIPLE-D MODEL OF PRIMARY CASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION

There are many different models of case management and support coordination for disabled populations as reported in literature. Among them, the authors have chosen to use one specific framework, i.e., the Triple-D model where the first D stands for Diagnostics; the second D, Dialogics; and the third D, Didactics, to create a primary case management system. This Triple-D model was first developed and introduced by Chia and Kee (2012) to allied healthcare professionals from the International Association of Counselors and Therapists, and more recently, it has been used by some mainstream and special school case management teams. The model also constitutes a part of the modified Lesson Study approach that has been used as a teaching practicum evaluation tool for pre-service and in-service special school teachers and allied educators. In this paper, the main activities carried out in each of the three D-phases are described in details and all the three D-phases ? Diagnostics, Dialogics and Didactics ? can be re-labeled as Case Measurement, Case Consultation, Case Development (for transition from Dialogics to Didactics) and Case Intervention respectively, and collectively, they form the primary case management system.