Effect of xylo-oligosaccharides and β-glucan on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid in diabetic rats

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an impact on an imbalance in the number of microbiota (dysbiosis) which can cause disruption of glucose metabolism by inhibiting short chain fatty acid (SCFA). SCFA is produced by intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible dietary fibre and it has beneficial role in T2DM. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and β-glucans can improve the gut the composition of microbiota with prebiotic capabilities. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of XOS and β-glucan on the Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and SCFA in diabetic rats. A total of 28 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups including control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic+XOS (DX), and diabetic+β-glucan (DBG). D, DX, and DBG groups were provided with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 days before receiving an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg BW) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg BW). DX received XOS (450 mg/200 g BW), and DBG received β-glucan (450 mg/200 g BW) for 28 days. The blood glucose levels at DX and DBG showed a significant difference compared with the D gro diabetic rats. XOS did not change the number, while β-glucan increased the number of Lactobacillus and Roseburia. The XOS and β-glucan supplementation significantly increased SCFA levels compared to diabetic rats. These results suggest that XOS can improve blood glucose although it does not change the number of Lactobacillus and Roseburia. Meanwhile, β-glucan increases blood glucose, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and total SCFA in diabetic rats.