Risk Factors, Complications and Management of Diabetes Mellitus |Biomedgrid

Diabetes mellitus can be a complex disorder described by chronic progressive metabolic disorder and chronic hyperglycemia arising from dysregulation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Verapamil is a class of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, which prevents the second phase of glucose stimulated insulin release by inhibiting the intake of calcium into the cytosol of beta cells and also prevents sulfonylurea and glucagon-induced insulin release. The complications of diabetes mellitus are categorized as microvascular (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) or macrovascular (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease). Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication described by elevated urinary albumin excretion (proteinuria) or lowered kidney glomerular filtration rate in both types of diabetic mellitus. The objective of diabetes mellitus management is to inhibit the mortality and to delay the onset of disease complications and to hinder its progression by improving patients' blood sugar level and controlling the risk of cardiovascular disease. Metformin enhances liver, muscle & adipose tissues sensitivity to the insulin and elevate peripheral glucose utilization and also prevents gluconeogenesis and obviates glucose absorption from gastrointestinal tract.