Comparison of Two Different Etch Systems as Adhesion Resistance in Dental Adhesive Systems

Adhesive systems are used in many specialties in dentistry. These systems provide chemical attachment of prosthetic and restorative materials to the tooth surface. The first stage of adhesive systems is the etching process. In the commonly used Total etch systems, acid agent is applied to the tooth first to create roughness on the tooth surface, then the applied bond agent enters this rough surface to ensure retention. The acid agent used is 37% phosphoric acid gel. Normally, phosphoric acid is liquid. It should be applied in gel form in order to be applied in a controlled manner to a certain surface of the tooth and to remain on the desired surface for a long time. Commercially used phosphoric acid gels are produced by a single method and contain the carbomer chemical. Another way to produce gel is silicium dioxide. Acid gels produced with carbomer have a glossy appearance, while acids produced with Silicium have a matte appearance. In this study, we aimed to see the difference in retention of the phosphoric acid gel produced with silicium dioxide compared to the carbomeric acid gel. In this study, we prepared phosphoric acid gel with silicium dioxide and phosphoric acid with carbomer. In our study, 50 extracted caries-free human teeth were used. Orthodontic buttons were attached to the buccal surfaces of the teeth in 2 groups. Phosphoric acid gel prepared with Carbomer was applied for 40 seconds on 25 teeth and phosphoric acid gel prepared with silicium dioxide for 40 seconds on 25 teeth. Afterwards, the teeth were washed with water for 10 seconds and dried, and the orthodontic buttons were adhered with blue light for 40 seconds with Tokuyama bond and flowable composite, and a tensile test was applied to them. There was a statistically significant difference between the tensile force resistance of the buttons attached with two different methods. The teeth in which the gel prepared with silicium dioxide was used showed an average of 6% more resistance to tensile force than the other group. In this study, adhesion strength was measured for the first time by changing the gel base material in acid. We recommend this preparation of acids in adhesive systems, and we believe it can be beneficial for all dentists.