Modern Approaches to Backend Development in Java and Kotlin: A Comparative Analysis

The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of modern approaches to backend development in Java and Kotlin. The main characteristics and innovations introduced into the programming world with the advent of Kotlin from JetBrains in 2011 are considered, as well as an overview of Java as an established development tool introduced by the Green Team in 1995. The work is based on an analysis of the range of Kotlin applications, its flexibility, security, and multiplatformity, in comparison with the object-oriented, multiplatform approach and Java multithreading. The study aims to identify the key advantages and disadvantages of both programming languages from the point of view of backend development, taking into account aspects such as syntactic efficiency, security, integration, and versatility.