Assessing the Impact of Incorporating Waste Putty and Crushed Demolished Concrete on the Plasticity and Swelling Properties of Clay Soil

— The expansive nature of Clay Soils poses significant challenges for construction, as their tendency to swell and contract with moisture variations can lead to instability and structural damage. This research explores the use of Waste Putty and Crushed Demolished Concrete to improve the plasticity and swelling properties of Clay Soils, enhancing their suitability for construction applications. A comprehensive series of laboratory tests, including Atterberg limits, free swelling index, and standard Proctor compaction, was conducted on five Clay Soil samples mixed with varying amounts of Waste Putty (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%) and Crushed Demolished Concrete (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The findings reveal a marked reduction in the swelling capacity and plasticity of the modified soils, alongside an increase in dry density and overall stability. These results highlight the potential of using waste materials for Clay Soil stabilization. Specifically, the plasticity index was reduced from 20 to 16, and the free swelling index test showed a significant decrease in swelling potential, indicating improved behavior under moisture fluctuations. This offers a sustainable and effective approach to improving the performance and reliability of Clay Soils in construction. Furthermore, the standard Proctor compaction test demonstrated that the dry density of the treated soil increased as the moisture content decreased, confirming enhanced compaction characteristics. This study underscored the benefits of incorporating Waste Putty and Crushed Demolished Concrete to mitigate the adverse effects of Clay Soil expansion, thereby contributing to the durability and longevity of built structures