DYNAMICS AND PROSPECTS OF WHEAT, CORN AND BARLEY GRAIN PRODUCTION: IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CULTIVATION OF GRAIN CROPS IN VARIOUS SOIL-CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE

It was established that during 1991–2021, the production of grain crops in Ukraine increased by 69% thanks to an increase in corn production almost 9 times due to an increase in its sown areas by 4.5 times. Due to high competition on the foreign market, wheat sown areas decreased by 6.5%, barley – by 9.2%. It was found that the transformation of the structure of the sown areas led to a violation of the use of optimal predecessors and periods of return of grain crops to the previous place of cultivation in crop rotations. Because of this, during 1991–2021, the yield of grain crops in Ukraine increased only 1.5 times, corn – 2.0 times, wheat – by 29%, barley – by 9%, and is significantly lower than the potential. In 2022, the lowest productivity and grain production of wheat, corn and barley in the last ten years were obtained, which were negatively affected by the reduction of sown areas, the violation of scientific technologies for growing grain crops, along with the negative impact of climate change and other stress factors. For the effective production of grain crops, the introduction of innovative technologies is proposed, which include a number of adaptation measures to overcome the negative impact of climate change and other stress factors. In particular, the use of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of grain crops with high genetic potential for productivity and quality, stable resistance to diseases and pests, as well as adverse environmental factors. Attention is focused on the optimization of the structure of sown areas and the application of scientifically based seed crop rotations with effective saturation, placement and ratio of crops, taking into account soil-climatic conditions. The implementation of innovative technologies for growing grain crops in different soil-climatic conditions of Ukraine and beyond will guarantee the sustainable supply of food grain needs, which is updated in the conditions of climate change and taking into account the global challenges and threats of today.