A CASE OF LOCALLY ADVANCED CARCINOMA RECTUM IN A 13 YEAR BOY AND RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF AGE-WISE INCIDENCE

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidences. It is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of death. It affects men and women almost equally. Countries with the highest incidence rates include Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States, and parts of Europe. The countries with the lowest risk include China, India, and parts of Africa and South America. Colorectal cancer is mainly a disease of developed countries with a Western culture. ô??±ô??’ô??‘ô???ô??’ô??‡ô??Œô??¿ô???ô??…ô???ô???ô???ô???ô??Œô???ô??Žô???ô??©ô???ô??†ô???ô??’ô???ô??? 1. Age 2. Personal History of Adenomatous Polyps ô???ô??‘ô???ô???ô???ô???ô???ô??’ô??‘ô???ô???ô???ô???ô??Œô???ô???ô??’ô???ô??œô???ô??’ô??‰ô???ô??¬ô??‘ô???ô???ô???ô???ô???ô???ô??’ô???ô??œô???ô???ô??’ô??šô???ô???ô???ô??§ô??Œô???ô???ô???ô???ô??? 4. Family History of Colorectal Cancer or Adenomatous Polyps 5. Inherited Genetic Risk Environmental Risk Factors 1. Nutritional Practices 2. Physical Activity and Obesity 3. Cigarette Smoking 4. Heavy Alcohol Consumption The developed world accounts for over 63% of all cases.The incidence rate varies up to 10-fold between countries with the highest rates and those with the lowest rates. It ranges from more than 40 per 100,000 people in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Western Europe to less than 5 per 100,000 in Africa and some parts of Asia. This may be susceptible to ascertainment bias; there may be a high degree of underreporting in developing countries. The likelihood of colorectal cancer diagnosis increases after the age of 40, increases progressively from age 40, rising sharply after age 50.More than 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in people aged 50 or older. The incidence rate is more than 50 times higher in persons aged 60 to 79 years than in those younger than 40 years. However, colorectal cancer appears to be increasing among younger persons.