Modernizing Waqf: Navigating Legal and Digital Frontiers In The 21st Century

Waqf, an ancient Islamic institution dedicated to charitable and social welfare, has been integral to the socio-economic fabric of Muslim societies for centuries. Traditionally, Waqf involves donating assets—such as land, buildings, or cash—to be held in perpetuity for religious, educational, or philanthropic purposes. However, the 21st century presents both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the modernization of Waqf, especially within the context of rapid technological advancements and evolving legal frameworks and brings both opportunities and obstacles to the administration and effectiveness of Waqf institutions. This article explores how digital technologies, such as blockchain and online fundraising platforms, impact the management and transparency of Waqf assets. It also investigates the regulatory gaps and legal challenges posed by integrating digital tools into traditional Waqf practices. The research provides comparative insights from successful models in Turkey, Indonesia, UAE, and Pakistan, so that Malaysia can develop a comprehensive and forward-looking legal framework that will enable the effective integration of digital tools into waqf management, benefiting both current and future generations.