Marker breeding of white cabbage

Modern accelerated development of agricultural production actualizes the development of new technologies aimed at more economical and environmentally friendly production of high-quality products with specified quality and properties. In this regard, the method of molecular markers, which significantly increases the efficiency of breeding, is gaining wide popularity and demand. The technology of marker-­assisted selection accelerates selection of the required characteristics of plants at early stages of their development until their manifestation in the adult state, increasing its efficiency regardless of the environment influence. This technology is widely applied to a huge range of crops, including white cabbage. This crop is cultivated over significant areas worldwide and is important due to its high demand and health benefits. Although a significant number of new varieties and hybrids of white cabbage with individual characteristics have been developed by breeders to date, the demand for increasing its yield is becoming increasingly high. Therefore, interest in molecular marker-­assisted breeding is increasing and manipulation of agronomic and economically important traits of promising lines is becoming relevant. The lack of generalizations of material in this area is essential. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the current state of the issue, to identify the main and most demanded directions of research in the field of marker technology in application to white cabbage and to draw attention to this currently relevant topic. Accordingly, we conducted a search and systematic review of available modern specialized literature and relevant recent scientific data over the last two decades on marker-­mediated breeding of white cabbage. In the study, markers of biotic and abiotic stress as well as quality of white cabbage were analyzed. As the collected information on markers shows, scientific research in these areas is prioritized but poorly covered in the literature. A very small proportion of promising KASP markers was observed, as well as insufficient research on the different ripeness groups of white cabbage varieties. The systematization of the available knowledge with emphasis on problem areas undertaken in this review may be important and useful for breeders and producers for their practical application in practice.