DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOCABULARY OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE (HISTORICAL ASPECT)

The article is devoted to the historical and etymological study of the Uzbek language vocabulary, which has been shaped through centuries of independent development and intensive cultural and linguistic contacts. The aim of the research is to identify the main layers of the lexical stock and their interaction in historical dynamics. The methodological basis of the study includes comparative-historical and structural-typological approaches, which made it possible to determine both the internal patterns of word formation and the external factors of borrowings. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization of the layers of Uzbek vocabulary, taking into account their historical development and the role of the interaction between internal and external processes. The article distinguishes three layers of Uzbek vocabulary: the native (Turkic) layer, the borrowed layer (Arabic, Persian-Tajik, Russian, and international), and the common layer (Turkic-Mongolic parallels). Special attention is given to internal word-formation processes - affixation and composition - which ensured the active renewal of the national lexical fund. It is established that the modern Uzbek language represents an organic synthesis of the national Turkic base and external influences, reflecting historical evolution, cultural contacts, and the language's ability for continuous renewal. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of applying the results in courses on lexicology, etymology, and the history of the Uzbek language, as well as in the development of teaching materials and dictionaries.